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SQL Server interview questions

Explain the use of keyword WITH ENCRYPTION. Create a Store Procedure with Encryption.It is a way to convert the original text of the stored procedure into encrypted form. The stored procedure gets obfuscated and the output of this is not visible to CREATE PROCEDURE Abc WITH ENCRYPTION AS << SELECT statement>> GO What is a linked server in SQL Server?It enables SQL server to address diverse data sources like OLE DB similarly. It allows Remote server access and has the ability to issue distributed queries, updates, commands and transactions. Features and concepts of Analysis Services Analysis Services is a middle tier server for analytical processing, OLAP, and Data mining. It manages multidimensional cubes of data and provides access to heaps of information including aggregation of data One can create data mining models from data sources and use it for Business Intelligence also including reporting features. Some of the key features are: · Ease of use with a lot of wizards a...

SQL Server interview questions

Explain the use of keyword WITH ENCRYPTION. Create a Store Procedure with Encryption. It is a way to convert the original text of the stored procedure into encrypted form. The stored procedure gets obfuscated and the output of this is not visible to  CREATE PROCEDURE Abc WITH ENCRYPTION AS << SELECT statement>> GO What is a linked server in SQL Server? It enables SQL server to address diverse data sources like OLE DB similarly. It allows Remote server access and has the ability to issue distributed queries, updates, commands and transactions. Features and concepts of Analysis Services Analysis Services is a middle tier server for analytical processing, OLAP, and Data mining. It manages multidimensional cubes of data and provides access to heaps of information including aggregation of data One can create data mining models from data sources and use it for Business Intelligence also including reporting features. Some of the key features are: · Ease of use wit...

C#.NET/VB.NET interview questions

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Explain the elements of the .NET Framework. a. CLR (Common Language Runtime): It is a common managed environment where all the .net programs run. Supports multiple languages and has the garbage collector. b. .Net Framework Class Libraries: For each source code compiler (VB.NET, C#.NET, etc.), there is a minimum set of coding standards that must be met. The minimum set of coding standards that must be met to compile .NET code into MSIL code is known as CLS - Common Language Specification. The role of the Common Language Specification is to ensure that all generated code (MSIL) that meets the minimum set of coding standards can operate successfully within the .NET framework. THE CTS (Common Type System) handles conversion of programming-language data types into .NET compatible (MSIL) data types. The implicit benefit of the CTS is the reduction of development time when attempting to coordinate data types between two sets of different programming-language code. c. ...

Object Oriented Programming-Interview Questions

What is OOP? The object oriented programming is commonly known as OOP. Most of the languages are developed using OOP concept. Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming concept that uses "objects" to develop a system. A programming object has an ability to perform actions and has attributes. It performs just like real world entities for e.g. a motor bike. A bike performs actions such as ’Start’, ’Stop’ etc., and it has attributes like red color, 150 cc etc. So does an Object. Actions and attributes are represented by Methods and fields or properties respectively in programming language. An object hides the implementation details and exposes only the functionalities and parameters it requires to its client. Here also an object shares the same concept as that of a bike. While driving a motor bike, we are unaware of its implementation details such as how it is developed, internal working of gears etc.? We know only the functions or actions it can perform. What are the va...

SQL Comparison Keywords

There are other comparison keywords available in sql which are used to enhance the search capabilities of a sql query. They are "IN", "BETWEEN...AND", "IS NULL", "LIKE". Comparision Operators Description LIKE column value is similar to specified character(s). IN column value is equal to any one of a specified set of values. BETWEEN...AND column value is between two values, including the end values specified in the range. IS NULL column value does not exist. SQL LIKE Operator The LIKE operator is used to list all rows in a table whose column values match a specified pattern. It is useful when you want to search rows to match a specific pattern, or when you do not know the entire value. For this purpose we use a wildcard character '%'. For example: To select all the students whose name begins with 'S' SELECT first_name, last_name FROM student_details WHERE first_name LIKE 'S%'; The output would be similar to: first_n...

SQL Logical Operators

There are three Logical Operators namely, AND, OR, and NOT. These operators compare two conditions at a time to determine whether a row can be selected for the output. When retrieving data using a SELECT statement, you can use logical operators in the WHERE clause, which allows you to combine more than one condition. Logical Operators Description OR For the row to be selected at least one of the conditions must be true. AND For a row to be selected all the specified conditions must be true. NOT For a row to be selected the specified condition must be false. "OR" Logical Operator: If you want to select rows that satisfy at least one of the given conditions, you can use the logical operator, OR. For example: if you want to find the names of students who are studying either Maths or Science, the query would be like, SELECT first_name, last_name, subject FROM student_details WHERE subject = 'Maths' OR subject = 'Science' The output would be something like, ...

SQL Operators

There are two type of Operators, namely Comparison Operators and Logical Operators. These operators are used mainly in the WHERE clause, HAVING clause to filter the data to be selected. Comparison Operators: Comparison operators are used to compare the column data with specific values in a condition. Comparison Operators are also used along with the SELECT statement to filter data based on specific conditions. The below table describes each comparison operator. Comparison Operators Description = equal to <>, != is not equal to < less than > greater than >= greater than or equal to <= less than or equal to Logical Operators: There are three Logical Operators namely AND, OR and NOT. Logical operators are discussed in detail in the next section, Logical Operators

SQL Introduction

SQL stands for “Structured Query Language” and can be pronounced as “SQL” or “sequel – (Structured English Query Language)”. It is a query language used for accessing and modifying information in the database. IBM first developed SQL in 1970s. Also it is an ANSI/ISO standard. It has become a Standard Universal Language used by most of the relational database management systems (RDBMS). Some of the RDBMS systems are: Oracle, Microsoft SQL server, Sybase etc. Most of these have provided their own implementation thus enhancing it's feature and making it a powerful tool. Few of the sql commands used in sql programming are SELECT Statement, UPDATE Statement, INSERT INTO Statement, DELETE Statement, WHERE Clause, ORDER BY Clause, GROUP BY Clause, ORDER Clause, Joins, Views, GROUP Functions, Indexes etc. My SQL DataBase In a simple manner, SQL is a non-procedural, English-like language that processes data in groups of records rather than one record at a time. Few functions of SQL are: ...

SQL WHERE Clause

The WHERE Clause is used when you want to retrieve specific information from a table excluding other irrelevant data. For example, when you want to see the information about students in class 10th only then you do need the information about the students in other class. Retrieving information about all the students would increase the processing time for the query. So SQL offers a feature called WHERE clause, which we can use to restrict the data that is retrieved. The condition you provide in the WHERE clause filters the rows retrieved from the table and gives you only those rows which you expected to see. WHERE clause can be used along with SELECT, DELETE, UPDATE statements. Syntax of SQL WHERE Clause: WHERE {column or expression} comparison-operator value Syntax for a WHERE clause with Select statement is: SELECT column_list FROM table-name WHERE condition; column or expression - Is the column of a table or a expression comparison-operator - operators like = < > etc. value...

SQL Alias

SQL Aliases are defined for columns and tables. Basically aliases is created to make the column selected more readable. For Example: To select the first name of all the students, the query would be like: Aliases for columns: SELECT first_name AS Name FROM student_details; or SELECT first_name Name FROM student_details; In the above query, the column first_name is given a alias as 'name'. So when the result is displayed the column name appears as 'Name' instead of 'first_name'. Output: Name ------------- Rahul Sharma Anjali Bhagwat Stephen Fleming Shekar Gowda Priya Chandra Aliases for tables: SELECT s.first_name FROM student_details s; In the above query, alias 's' is defined for the table student_details and the column first_name is selected from the table. Aliases is more useful when There are more than one tables involved in a query, Functions are used in the query, The column names are big or not readable, More than one columns are combi...

SQL SELECT Statement

The most commonly used SQL command is SELECT statement. The SQL SELECT statement is used to query or retrieve data from a table in the database. A query may retrieve information from specified columns or from all of the columns in the table. To create a simple SQL SELECT Statement, you must specify the column(s) name and the table name. The whole query is called SQL SELECT Statement. Syntax of SQL SELECT Statement: SELECT column_list FROM table-name [WHERE Clause] [GROUP BY clause] [HAVING clause] [ORDER BY clause]; table-name is the name of the table from which the information is retrieved. column_list includes one or more columns from which data is retrieved. The code within the brackets is optional. database table student_details; id first_name last_name age subject games 100 Rahul Sharma 10 Science Cricket 101 Anjali Bhagwat 12 Maths Football 102 Stephen Fleming 09 Science Cricket 103 Shekar Gowda 18 Maths Badminton 104 Priya Chandra 15 Economics Chess NOTE: These database ...