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Explain the use of keyword WITH ENCRYPTION. Create a Store Procedure with Encryption.It is a way to convert the original text of the stored procedure into encrypted form. The stored procedure gets obfuscated and the output of this is not visible to CREATE PROCEDURE Abc WITH ENCRYPTION AS << SELECT statement>> GO What is a linked server in SQL Server?It enables SQL server to address diverse data sources like OLE DB similarly. It allows Remote server access and has the ability to issue distributed queries, updates, commands and transactions. Features and concepts of Analysis Services Analysis Services is a middle tier server for analytical processing, OLAP, and Data mining. It manages multidimensional cubes of data and provides access to heaps of information including aggregation of data One can create data mining models from data sources and use it for Business Intelligence also including reporting features. Some of the key features are: · Ease of use with a lot of wizards a...

There are other comparison keywords available in sql which are used to enhance the search capabilities of a sql query. They are "IN", "BETWEEN...AND", "IS NULL", "LIKE". Comparision Operators Description LIKE column value is similar to specified character(s). IN column value is equal to any one of a specified set of values. BETWEEN...AND column value is between two values, including the end values specified in the range. IS NULL column value does not exist. SQL LIKE Operator The LIKE operator is used to list all rows in a table whose column values match a specified pattern. It is useful when you want to search rows to match a specific pattern, or when you do not know the entire value. For this purpose we use a wildcard character '%'. For example: To select all the students whose name begins with 'S' SELECT first_name, last_name FROM student_details WHERE first_name LIKE 'S%'; The output would be similar to: first_n...

There are three Logical Operators namely, AND, OR, and NOT. These operators compare two conditions at a time to determine whether a row can be selected for the output. When retrieving data using a SELECT statement, you can use logical operators in the WHERE clause, which allows you to combine more than one condition. Logical Operators Description OR For the row to be selected at least one of the conditions must be true. AND For a row to be selected all the specified conditions must be true. NOT For a row to be selected the specified condition must be false. "OR" Logical Operator: If you want to select rows that satisfy at least one of the given conditions, you can use the logical operator, OR. For example: if you want to find the names of students who are studying either Maths or Science, the query would be like, SELECT first_name, last_name, subject FROM student_details WHERE subject = 'Maths' OR subject = 'Science' The output would be something like, ...

There are two type of Operators, namely Comparison Operators and Logical Operators. These operators are used mainly in the WHERE clause, HAVING clause to filter the data to be selected. Comparison Operators: Comparison operators are used to compare the column data with specific values in a condition. Comparison Operators are also used along with the SELECT statement to filter data based on specific conditions. The below table describes each comparison operator. Comparison Operators Description = equal to <>, != is not equal to < less than > greater than >= greater than or equal to <= less than or equal to Logical Operators: There are three Logical Operators namely AND, OR and NOT. Logical operators are discussed in detail in the next section, Logical Operators

SQL stands for “Structured Query Language” and can be pronounced as “SQL” or “sequel – (Structured English Query Language)”. It is a query language used for accessing and modifying information in the database. IBM first developed SQL in 1970s. Also it is an ANSI/ISO standard. It has become a Standard Universal Language used by most of the relational database management systems (RDBMS). Some of the RDBMS systems are: Oracle, Microsoft SQL server, Sybase etc. Most of these have provided their own implementation thus enhancing it's feature and making it a powerful tool. Few of the sql commands used in sql programming are SELECT Statement, UPDATE Statement, INSERT INTO Statement, DELETE Statement, WHERE Clause, ORDER BY Clause, GROUP BY Clause, ORDER Clause, Joins, Views, GROUP Functions, Indexes etc. My SQL DataBase In a simple manner, SQL is a non-procedural, English-like language that processes data in groups of records rather than one record at a time. Few functions of SQL are: ...

The WHERE Clause is used when you want to retrieve specific information from a table excluding other irrelevant data. For example, when you want to see the information about students in class 10th only then you do need the information about the students in other class. Retrieving information about all the students would increase the processing time for the query. So SQL offers a feature called WHERE clause, which we can use to restrict the data that is retrieved. The condition you provide in the WHERE clause filters the rows retrieved from the table and gives you only those rows which you expected to see. WHERE clause can be used along with SELECT, DELETE, UPDATE statements. Syntax of SQL WHERE Clause: WHERE {column or expression} comparison-operator value Syntax for a WHERE clause with Select statement is: SELECT column_list FROM table-name WHERE condition; column or expression - Is the column of a table or a expression comparison-operator - operators like = < > etc. value...

SQL Aliases are defined for columns and tables. Basically aliases is created to make the column selected more readable. For Example: To select the first name of all the students, the query would be like: Aliases for columns: SELECT first_name AS Name FROM student_details; or SELECT first_name Name FROM student_details; In the above query, the column first_name is given a alias as 'name'. So when the result is displayed the column name appears as 'Name' instead of 'first_name'. Output: Name ------------- Rahul Sharma Anjali Bhagwat Stephen Fleming Shekar Gowda Priya Chandra Aliases for tables: SELECT s.first_name FROM student_details s; In the above query, alias 's' is defined for the table student_details and the column first_name is selected from the table. Aliases is more useful when There are more than one tables involved in a query, Functions are used in the query, The column names are big or not readable, More than one columns are combi...

The most commonly used SQL command is SELECT statement. The SQL SELECT statement is used to query or retrieve data from a table in the database. A query may retrieve information from specified columns or from all of the columns in the table. To create a simple SQL SELECT Statement, you must specify the column(s) name and the table name. The whole query is called SQL SELECT Statement. Syntax of SQL SELECT Statement: SELECT column_list FROM table-name [WHERE Clause] [GROUP BY clause] [HAVING clause] [ORDER BY clause]; table-name is the name of the table from which the information is retrieved. column_list includes one or more columns from which data is retrieved. The code within the brackets is optional. database table student_details; id first_name last_name age subject games 100 Rahul Sharma 10 Science Cricket 101 Anjali Bhagwat 12 Maths Football 102 Stephen Fleming 09 Science Cricket 103 Shekar Gowda 18 Maths Badminton 104 Priya Chandra 15 Economics Chess NOTE: These database ...

SQL commands are instructions used to communicate with the database to perform specific task that work with data. SQL commands can be used not only for searching the database but also to perform various other functions like, for example, you can create tables, add data to tables, or modify data, drop the table, set permissions for users. SQL commands are grouped into four major categories depending on their functionality: Data Definition Language (DDL) - These SQL commands are used for creating, modifying, and dropping the structure of database objects. The commands are CREATE, ALTER, DROP, RENAME, and TRUNCATE. Data Manipulation Language (DML) - These SQL commands are used for storing, retrieving, modifying, and deleting data. These commands are SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE. Transaction Control Language (TCL) - These SQL commands are used for managing changes affecting the data. These commands are COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT. Data Control Language (DCL) - These SQL comman...

SQL (Structured Query Language) is used to modify and access data or information from a storage area called database. This beginner sql tutorial website teaches you the basics of SQL and how to write SQL queries. I will be sharing my knowledge on SQL and help you learn SQL better. The sql concepts discussed in this tutorial can be applied to most of database systems. The syntax used to explain the concepts is similar to the one used in Oracle database.

1) SELECT only the columns needed, avoid using SELECT *. First, for each column that you do not need every SQL Server performs additional work to retrieve and return them to the client, and the second volume of data exchanged between the client and SQL Server increases unnecessary. 2) SELECT only the rows needed. The less rows retrieved, the faster the query will run. 3) Prune SELECT lists. Every column that is SELECTed consumes resources for processing. There are several areas that can be examined to determine if column selection is really necessary. Example: WHERE (COL8 = ‘X’) If a SELECT contains a predicate where a column is equal to one value, that column should not have to be retrieved for each row, the value will always be ‘X’. 4) When you create a new table always create a unique clustered index belong to it, possibly it is a numeric type. 5) Use JOIN instead of subqueries. As a programmer, subqueries are something that you can be tempted to use and abuse. Subqueries, as ...

Here is a few SQL Tips that may save you time and trouble with your SQL table work, SQL command statements ... Ideally, you want to get best results when writing SQL queries, minimizing errors and getting the best query performance when needed. Here is a small list of queries tips that may help you in your SQL queries work and that can optimized SQL for better performance.

1) The sql query becomes faster if you use the actual columns names in SELECT statement instead of than '*'. For Example: Write the query as SELECT id, first_name, last_name, age, subject FROM student_details; Instead of: SELECT * FROM student_details; 2) HAVING clause is used to filter the rows after all the rows are selected. It is just like a filter. Do not use HAVING clause for any other purposes. For Example: Write the query as SELECT subject, count(subject) FROM student_details WHERE subject != 'Science' AND subject != 'Maths' GROUP BY subject; Instead of: SELECT subject, count(subject) FROM student_details GROUP BY subject HAVING subject!= 'Vancouver' AND subject!= 'Toronto'; 3) Sometimes you may have more than one subqueries in your main query. Try to minimize the number of subquery block in your query. For Example: Write the query as SELECT name FROM employee WHERE (salary, age ) = (SELECT MAX (salary), MAX (age) FROM employe...

Sql Statements are used to retrieve data from the database. We can get same results by writing different sql queries. But use of the best query is important when performance is considered. So you need to sql query tuning based on the requirement. Here is the list of queries which we use reqularly and how these sql queries can be optimized for better performance.

The INNER JOIN keyword selects all rows from both tables as long as there is a match between the columns in both tables. SQL INNER JOIN Syntax SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name; Example: SELECT Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderID FROM Customers INNER JOIN Orders ON Customers.CustomerID=Orders.CustomerID ORDER BY Customers.CustomerName;

What is a Trigger A trigger is a special kind of a store procedure that executes in response to certain action on the table like insertion, deletion or updation of data. It is a database object which is bound to a table and is executed automatically. You can’t explicitly invoke triggers. The only way to do this is by performing the required action no the table that they are assigned to. Types Of Triggers There are three action query types that you use in SQL which are INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. So, there are three types of triggers and hybrids that come from mixing and matching the events and timings that fire them. Basically, triggers are classified into two main types:- (i) After Triggers (For Triggers) (ii) Instead Of Triggers (i) After Triggers These triggers run after an insert, update or delete on a table. They are not supported for views. AFTER TRIGGERS can be classified further into three types as: (a) AFTER INSERT Trigger-This trigger is fired after an INSERT on the tab...